Microgrids Explained: Benefits, Challenges, and the Path Forward
/Microgrids are becoming increasingly more popular and important when it comes to supplying power.
Microgrids are local power grids that operate independently from the main (usually larger) power grid. They are integrated energy systems consisting of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DERs). They can operate as a singular entity or work in tandem with a grid, generating and storing their energy by way of renewable sources such as wind turbines, solar panels, batteries, and water.
Several different types of microgrids exist.
A networked (or “grid-tied”) microgrid is always connected to the main utility grid.
A grid-connected (or “island-able) microgrid is connected to the main grid but can switch off from it and work independently if a power supply issue occurs.
A remote (or “off-grid) microgrid operates independently from the main grid.
Microgrids offer many benefits, the most prominent of which are their reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and their ability to provide power security when the traditional grid goes down. Other benefits include: their energy efficient design that reduces waste and lowers cost for consumers, ability to provide power to remote areas, contribution to a sustainable energy future, and their ability to provide energy closer to its consumption location, lowering transmission losses.
While they offer many benefits, there are a few challenges surrounding microgrids. The upfront cost of building and installing a microgrid can be significant — cost may vary based on size, location, and amount of energy needed. They are also complex to design, build, and operate because of their energy flow adaptability. Further, updated and limited regulations can cause legal restrictions when implementing and operating microgrids.
Fortunately, there are ways to overcome these challenges. Improvements to renewable energy technology makes microgrids more efficient to implement. Developing new management systems and technologies makes microgrids easier to operate and manage as well. When it comes to cost, businesses and investors can help by providing funding.
Many who use microgrids use them because of their resilience, cost optimization, sustainability, and expansion. In the case of storms, wildfires, power quality issues, and more, microgrids provide power when the main grid can’t. They offer an alternative to combat the increasing cost of electricity and high demands from peak power usage. Microgrids also help businesses and governments meet sustainability targets and comply with government mandates. On top of this, adding electric chargers, converting systems from gas to electric, and adding new equipment to increase capacity helps expand microgrids to more regions.
At SSM, we provide surveying, civil engineering, electrical and structural engineering, and landscape architecture for the installation of solar PV arrays. PV arrays are one of the many DERs that provide microgrids power. We perform code reviews, utility coordination, preparation of permit and construction documents, and construction administration. We prepare site plans and supporting documents needed for land development approval, as well as create single and three line drawings. Our work is focused around interconnecting the solar PV array design into the existing power distribution systems.
As technology continues to evolve, the use of microgrids is becoming more and more widespread. But not all microgrids are the same. Because microgrids are so diverse, it’s important to make sure your microgrid fits your requirements and demands!